The amphitheatre was a place of entertainment for the people of Calleva Atrebatum and could accommodate between 3,500 and 7,250 spectators.
It was built on the eastern edge of the town between AD55 and 75. Earth was excavated to create a circular arena which was enclosed by wooden wall. The soil was reused to form circular banks and terraces.
Amphitheatres were typically used for gladiatorial combat, wild beast fights and public executions. Recovered horse bones suggest that equestrian events took place at this amphitheatre.
In the third century, the arena wall was rebuilt in stone and the creation of two new entrances changed the plan of the arena into a typical, elliptical shape. The two recesses might have provided a refuge for combatants or housed shrines.
During the 12th century an aisled hall was built in the arena. A palisade was erected on top of the banks. This medieval fortification may tentatively be identified with the 'Castellum de Silva' (small castle in the woods) recorded as having been taken by King Stephen in 1147 during his wars with the Empress Matilda.
Disclaimer
The text and pictures on this page are derived from the 'Heritage Unlocked' series of guidebooks published in 2004. We intend to review, update and enhance the content in the near future as part of the Portico project, whose objective is to provide information on the history, significance, research background and sources for all English Heritage properties.
