1. St George wasn't English...
He might be our national patron, St George was likely a Greek-speaker who lived and died in the Roman Near East. A Christian, he died a martyr's death in about AD 303.
His tomb at the city of Diospolis or Lydda (now Lod in israel) in Roman Palestine soon attracted pilgrims.
2. ... and he wasn't a knight either
Although George is often depicted in popular culture as a knight in shining armour, the truth is less fanciful.
Whilst St George was depicted from the 11th century as a chilvaric knight or a warrior on horseback, it is more likely that he was an officer in the Roman army.
3. St George was a martyr ...
One of the most popular of medieval saints, St George was a martyr, dying for his Christian faith in the early years of the fourth century during the persecution initiated by the Emperor Diocletian.
To this day, George is still commemorated by Christians as St George the Martyr.
4. ... But he never visited England
Although St George never visited England, his reputation for virtue and holiness spread across Europe and his feast day – the 23rd April – was celebrated in England from at least the early 8th century.
He became popular with English kings. Edward I (1272-1307) had banners bearing the emblem of St George (a red cross on a white background) and Edward III (1327-77) had a strong interest in the saint and owned a relic of his blood.
St George's cross didn't become England's national flag until the early 16th century.
5. The dragon was added later
The story goes that St George rode into Silene (modern day Libya) to free the city from a dragon who had a taste for humans.
But it's a story which post-dates the real George by several centuries.
Images of George and the dragon survive from the 9th century – 500 years after his death. Originally these may simply have been representations of the battle between good and evil.
But the story was developed and popularised in the Middle Ages in a compendium of stories about saints' lives, The Golden Legend.
6. St George was a saint for 1,000 years before the 'holiday'
St George's fame extended across the Christian world. The earliest evidence for his existance is a mid-4th-century inscription from Syria. This refers to his martyrdom, which was likely on 23 April, his holy day.
Following Henry V's victory at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, St George's day become one of the most important feast days in the English calendar.
7. England isn't the only country to celebrate St George
St George is truly an international saint and England is not the only country or region to claim him as its patron.
England shares St George with Venice, Genoa, Portugal, Ethiopia and Catalonia among others as their patron saint and many of these places have their own celebrations and ceremonies in his honour.
8. People turned to St George for protection
During the Middle Ages, people, especially in German-speaking lands, believed that St George was one of the 'Fourteen Holy Helpers' - a group of saints whose assistance was especially esteemed.
St George's protection was invoked against several nasty diseases, many fatal and with infectious causes, including the Plague and leprosy.
From around 1100, St George's help was also sought to protect the English army.
In Shakespeare's Henry V, the eponymous hero calls on the saint during his battle cry at the Battle of Harfleur in the famous 'Once more unto the breach, dear friends' speech, crying 'God for Harry! England, and St. George!'
Five hundred years later – during the First World War – a ghostly apparition of St George is said to have aided British troops during their retreat from Mons, and the naval commander of the Zeebrugge Raid cited the saint as inspiration.
9. St George represents those we honour
The Order of the Garter (founded by Edward III in 1348) is the highest order of chivalry in the country. To this day St George’s cross still appears on the Garter badge and his image is the pendant of the Garter chain.
In 1940 King George VI created a new award for acts of the greatest heroism or courage in circumstance of extreme danger. The George Cross, named after the king, bears the image of St George vanquishing the dragon.
The image of St George also adorns many of the memorials built to honour those killed during World War One.
More to Explore
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