Answer: Scotland

In the largest ever clash of arms between the two countries, James IV's invading forces were decisively beaten by English troops at Branxton in Northumberland.

 The English infantry, armed with hook-bladed bills, killed 10,000 Scots, including James himself, who was the last British monarch to die in battle.

Answer: Pope

Born in Hertfordshire c1100, Nicholas became Pope Adrian IV and held the papal throne between 1154 and 1159.

His time as Pope was most notable for attempting to reunite the Catholic and Orthodox churches, and supposedly urging Henry II of England to invade Ireland.

Answer: Isaac Newton

The physicist and mathematician intended it as praise for the work of his peer Robert Hooke, writing in a letter, 'If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.'

However, it is a concept that has its roots in Greek mythology, with the blind giant Orion carrying the servant Cedalion on his shoulders in order to see.

The quote is also inscribed around the outside of the £2 coin.

Answer: The Gregorian calendar

This calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 in order to ensure Easter celebrations occurred at around the same time every year, when early Christians celebrated it.

A development of Julius Caesar's Julian calendar, it was initially met with suspicion by many Protestant countries and was only adopted by Britain in 1752.

In order to be in line with other countries that had already converted to the Gregorian calendar, 11 days were skipped, and Wednesday 2 September was followed by Thursday 14 September - effectively wiping 3-13 September 1752 from British history.

Answer: Edward III

At the age of 16, Edward of Woodstock led his father's army at the Battle of Crécy, a stunning victory in the Hundred Years War that the French took a decade to recover from.

He was beloved by the men he led and respected by his opponents for both his prowess and chivalry.

However, he was the first Prince of Wales to die before he could become the King of England, with his son Richard II instead becoming king at the age of 10.

Answer: Robert Walpole

Though technically a post that was never created, Robert Walpole is credited as being the first prime minister.

He became the most powerful statesman in George I's government when the king appointed Walpole as first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer in 1721.

The king presented him with 10 Downing Street in 1732 but Walpole insisted that the house be for the office of the first lord of the treasury, not himself personally.

Answer: Charlotte

The Brontë sisters were born in Haworth, Yorkshire, and produced some of the best-loved works of 19th-century literature.

Charlotte was the first to gain prominence with her debut Jane Eyre (1847), with its eponymous protagonist breaking new literary ground to become a heroine of Victorian society.

The reclusive Emily wrote only one novel, Wuthering Heights (1847), while Anne's ambitious second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848), released a year before her death, created an uproar, and Charlotte later supressed it from being republished.

Answer: Boudicca

Boudicca became the leader of the Iceni tribe, who lived in modern-day Norfolk and were initially allied with the Romans during the invasion of AD43.

However, when she inherited the crown after the death of her husband Prasutagus, the Romans seized Iceni property, raped Boudicca's daughters and publically flogged the queen.

Incensed, Boudicca led a huge army of Celtic warriors, destroying Colchester, London and St Albans in AD60, killing tens of thousands.

The greatly outnumbered Roman army set off from north Wales to confront Boudicca's forces, decisively defeating them in the Battle of Watling Street.

Answer: Anne

Anne became queen when her brother-in-law, William III, died from pneumonia, which he contracted after breaking his collarbone falling from a horse.

When England and Scotland united under the 1707 Acts of Union, Anne became the first monarch of Great Britain.

Tragically, after multiple miscarriages and none of her children living beyond the age of 11, she died without an heir, leaving the throne to her second cousin, George I, the first monarch of the House of Hanover.

Answer: 1950

The first FIFA World Cup was won by host country Uruguay in 1930. The four Home Nations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) were not members of FIFA at the time, and declined an invitation.

The teams rejoined in 1946, with England qualifying for the 1950 tournament in Brazil, beating Chile but losing to Spain and the USA, and failing to progress past the first round.